Leopard 2A7A1: Germany’s Next-Gen Tank with Trophy APS
The Leopard 2A7A1 is Germany’s latest and most advanced variant of the Leopard 2 main battle tank series. It represents a significant leap forward in armored warfare technology, mainly due to the integration of the Israeli-made Trophy Active Protection System (APS). This system provides an additional layer of defense against modern anti-tank threats.
Germany’s Decision to Integrate Trophy APS
In 2021, Germany signed a contract to purchase the Trophy APS from Israel to enhance the survivability of its Leopard 2A7V tanks. These upgraded tanks were designated as Leopard 2A7A1. Initially, only one company of 17 tanks was planned for this upgrade as part of Germany’s contribution to NATO’s Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF). Reports suggest that some of these tanks were already delivered by late 2021. Rafael, the Israeli defense contractor, anticipates further orders from Germany.
What is the Trophy Active Protection System?
The Trophy APS is designed to detect and neutralize incoming anti-tank missiles and rockets before they hit the vehicle. Using a fire control radar equipped with four flat-panel antennas, the system provides 360-degree threat detection. Once a threat is identified, the computer calculates the interception angle and launches explosively-formed projectiles from rotating launchers on the tank’s sides. These projectiles form a precise cloud of shrapnel, destroying the threat in mid-air.
Though highly effective against RPGs and guided missiles, Trophy cannot intercept kinetic energy penetrators like APFSDS rounds, which travel too fast. However, the system is engineered to minimize collateral damage, making it safe for infantry operating nearby. It can also engage multiple threats simultaneously and provide real-time data on the direction of attack to the tank crew, allowing immediate counter-response.
Leopard 2A7A1 Specifications
| General | |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Germany |
| Entered service | 2021 |
| Crew | 4 |
| Dimensions and Weight | |
| Weight | ~ 65.1 t |
| Length (gun forward) | 10.97 m |
| Hull length | 7.7 m |
| Width | 4 m |
| Height | ~ 3 m |
| Armament | |
| Main gun | 120 mm smoothbore |
| Machine guns | 1 x 12.7 mm, 1 x 7.62 mm |
| Elevation range | -9 to +20 degrees |
| Traverse range | 360 degrees |
| Ammunition Load | |
| Main gun | 42 rounds |
| Machine guns | ? |
| Mobility | |
| Engine | MTU MB-873 Ka-501 diesel |
| Engine power | 1,500 hp |
| Max speed | 60 km/h |
| Range | 450 km |
| Maneuverability | |
| Gradient | 60% |
| Side slope | 30% |
| Vertical step | 1.05 m |
| Trench | 3 m |
| Fording | 1 m (4 m with preparation) |
Combat-Proven System with 100% Intercept Rate
Trophy has been used by the Israeli Defense Forces for years and has proven itself in combat. It has successfully intercepted threats like RPG-29 rockets and Kornet and Metis-M missiles with a reported 100% success rate. As of 2022, more than 1,800 units of the Trophy system had been produced, making it the most widely deployed active protection system globally. The integration cost per tank is approximately $900,000.
Impact of Trophy on Tank Performance
The addition of Trophy APS has increased the Leopard 2A7A1’s overall weight to approximately 65 tons. This added weight comes with certain drawbacks, including reduced top speed, diminished off-road mobility, and logistical challenges related to transport and deployment. These factors must be considered when planning military operations involving the Leopard 2A7A1.
Armament and Firepower
The Leopard 2A7A1 is armed with the proven Rheinmetall 120mm L55 smoothbore gun, the same weapon used on earlier Leopard 2 variants like the 2A6. It supports standard NATO 120mm ammunition and advanced rounds such as the DM11 programmable multi-purpose high-explosive shell. This enables the tank to engage targets behind cover or inside structures. The tank carries 42 rounds in total, with 15 stored in the turret bustle for quick access.
Secondary armament includes a coaxial 7.62mm machine gun and a remote-controlled weapon station equipped with a 12.7mm machine gun, providing close-in defense capabilities.
Protection and Survivability
In addition to Trophy APS, the Leopard 2A7A1 features modular composite armor that provides 360-degree protection against RPGs and other battlefield threats. This includes new passive armor modules made from advanced materials such as nano-ceramics, titanium, and high-strength steel. Damaged modules can be replaced quickly in the field.
The tank also has robust protection against mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs), an automatic fire suppression system, and nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) defense features.
Advanced Optics and Battlefield Systems
The Leopard 2A7A1 is equipped with state-of-the-art optics and fire control systems. The commander has a panoramic thermal imaging sight and shares battlefield data with the gunner, who can automatically track and engage targets. The tank also features long-range surveillance cameras and a 360-degree situational awareness suite. A laser warning system alerts the crew to enemy targeting.
For the driver, thermal imaging cameras are mounted at the front and rear, ensuring safe maneuvering at night or in poor weather. The onboard command and control system links the tank to broader battlefield networks, enhancing coordination and situational awareness.
Mobility and Powertrain
Despite its weight, the Leopard 2A7A1 retains the reliable MTU MB-873 Ka-501 turbocharged diesel engine, delivering 1,500 horsepower. This engine, in service since 1979, is known for its durability and fuel efficiency. Paired with an automatic transmission, it gives the tank a top speed of around 60 km/h. A Steyr auxiliary power unit allows the tank to operate electronic systems without running the main engine, conserving fuel.
Engineering and Logistics Capabilities
The Leopard 2A7A1 can be equipped with a dozer blade for digging and obstacle-clearing tasks. It can also carry mine plows or rollers to clear minefields. Though theoretically air-transportable, it is too heavy for Germany’s Airbus A400M transport aircraft. However, it can be carried by the U.S. Air Force’s C-17 Globemaster III.
Future Production and Modular Upgrades
For years, Germany has upgraded older Leopard 2 hulls instead of producing new ones. The modular nature of the upgrades allows any existing Leopard 2 tank to be converted to newer variants like the 2A7A1. However, in 2023, Germany announced plans to produce new hulls for the Leopard 2A8. Additionally, Greece has the capacity to manufacture new hulls based on its local Leopard 2A6 HEL production.
Conclusion: Leopard 2A7A1 as a Global Benchmark
With the integration of the Trophy APS and a host of cutting-edge technologies, the Leopard 2A7A1 stands among the most capable main battle tanks in the world today. While its weight poses logistical challenges, its superior protection, firepower, and situational awareness make it a formidable asset on the modern battlefield.
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